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Settlement Nijh
(Gabalah area)

WHAT IT IS POSSIBLE TO SEE

Nijh is a huge village with the area of almost 100 km2 surrounded with the cultivated grounds, built up with sound houses with the greater private courtyards planted with fruiters. It is connected with neighbor habitations and city of Baku through the bus service. The settlement is extended in 7 km in the lowland, overgrown with nut trees.

The ancient village Nijh is divided into inhabited quarters: "Jhotary", "Agdalakky", "Goja - beyim". In each district there were quarter churches. Now only one church of the XVII-th century in a quarter "Jhotary" was preserved. Now it is restored with support of the Norwegian government. Recently the Udin-National Cultural Center, which is engaged in development and preservation of ancient culture of the Udins has been formed in the settlement Nijh. George Kechaari, an enthusiast, the historian, the teacher of the Udin School heads the center. He spends a greater job on development of textbooks of the Udin language, on translation classics of the Azerbaijan and world literature into the Udin language. Well-known Norwegian scientist Round Heyerdal, who visited Nijh and familiarized with activity of the Udin National-cultural Center, was interested in its activity on propagation of the Udins' ancient culture, lineal descendants of the Albanians.

With support of the Norwegian government George Kechaari wrote books narrating about folk customs and ceremonies of the Udins, which they have kept up to now. Till now the Udins celebrate a sacred holiday "Mayovka", which begins on May 1st and proceeds till May 2nd. On Sundays fairs of national crafts are spent in the local market. At the market souvenirs, wares made from metal, leather, wool, wood, etc. are on sale. All these subjects are made manually by national handicraftsmen - the Udins.

There functions the cafe of national kitchen in Nijh, where it is possible to try some food, which far ancestors of the Udins ate. Following dishes of Udin's cookeries were preserved: "et siyigi" (a boiled rice with meat), "firrama" (stuffed turkey fried in tendir), "shiftilig" (sauce from chestnuts and walnuts), "Chilov" (pilaf with a string bean), "doshamali ash" (pilaf with a chicken), etc. During holidays or funeral honors there was always put self-made cherry-plum vodka and grape wine on tables.

In the township the premise for accommodation of the ethnographic museum is being restored. There are five high schools, three Russian schools with obligatory teaching of the Udin language and two Azerbaijan ones, where studying the Udin language is on disposal of pupils' wish. English language is also taught at schools.

The main sight located near to Nijh, is ruin of an ancient capital of the Caucasian Albania the city of the ancient habitation "Gabalah" ("Gabalaka"). This site of the ancient settlement is located in 15 km from Nijh on the hills, between valleys of the rivers Jhourluchaj and Garachaj. On the way to Gabalah the remains of an ancient ceramic water pipe were saved. Antique historians Pliniy Sekund and Ptolemy mentioned Gabalah. The city from the north had steep ravines, which served as natural barrier to the enemy; artificial trench divided the territory of Gabalah in two parts - "Silbir" and "Gaur galasi". Sanctuary of the V-th century A.C. "Komrat", which is a place of pilgrimage both Christians and Moslems was saved towards the West of Gabalah on a high ridge.

Gabalah as a city has existed more than 1800 years; out of them 600 years it has been the capital of the state of the Caucasian Albania. During its long life the city was exposed to devastating invasions many times. Despite of this, Gabalah has brought down evidences of a high level of civilization up to now.

The Udins, as well as other aboriginal inhabitants of Azerbaijan, historically conducted a sedentary life being engaged in cultural diversified agriculture, craft and cattle breeding, extraction of minerals. As far as in the XIX-th century they were known for the arable farming, silkworm breeding, gardening, truck farming. They sowed wheat, millet, and barley.

Udins' the food is various, includes flour, dairy, meat, vegetative dishes. It is necessary to note specially the food "harisa". This is wheat sodden up to pappy statuses and densely filled by butter and slices of meat or a bird. Harisa is farmers' traditional food since olden days known in Forward Asia including the Syrians, from which the Udins and their neighbors under the same name have borrowed it.

Traditional clothes of the Udins are of common Caucasian type. The men wear a shirt, long wide trousers, arkhalik, charikhi, boots, and a Cossack hat. Lady's wear are bright tunic type shirts, long wide trousers, arkhalik, charikhi, boots, and an obligatory belt. The female headdress of women is "dagta". It is a complex "construction" consisting of several elements and having originality. At first the head was assigned with a round skull-cap "gatar", atop tied "chelebend" that is two triangles made of textile fabric connected with a band, which ends fastened under a chin. It was actually "dagta" atop of which imposed a white triangular scarf "yaligat", then a small scarf tepelik, which ends also fixed under a chin. Atop of all there was a turban - "dinaya" - a big black scarf.

The Udins are of a beautiful constitution. A face is more often round; the hair is light or brown. They are long-livers, live up 80-100 and more years. The Udins are hospitable, ready to help each other with everything, are respectful to seniors. In the remote past the greater family, which members were close relatives between each other was characteristic for them; they lived compactly, by "family" quarters. In each such quarter there was a head, usually senior in a big family, supervising field and garden jobs, watering. But in the XIX-th century a small family was characteristic for the Udins. Father is a head and a master of the house whom all members of the family implicitly obey.

The women are notable for morals. In the past they conducted the closed way of life: they closed their faces, ate separately from men, did not dare to have a conversation with strangers, the wife had no right to leave the house without husband's permission.

The Udins' children spent the most part of time on the open air: kids played games, the adults worked (labor education). Care of children proceeded till 14-15 years, and then they were considered independent.

The Udins got early married: young men at the age of 16, girls - of 13. Till now they adhere to endogamy that is marriages in their environment are preferable. But the strict interdiction on marriages even with distant and not blood relatives is simultaneously observed: not more close than the seventh knee. In the past the basic wedding ceremonies began in the morning, and proceeded then in a narrow circle of relatives during several days. They played the tar, kemancha, def, zurna, balaban. Visitors had fun, sang, danced, and conceived various games. Among dances is an ancient Azerbaijan wedding one uzundere, which neighbor people also adopted. The group dance yalli, fixed already 10 thousand years ago on rock drawings of Gobustan, near Baku is widespread since olden days occurring among indigenes of Azerbaijan. Friday was considered the happy day: whatever one begins then all will go successfully. There were widespread different superstitions, guessings, and magic actions. The sorcerers treating malefic and illnesses had a big influence. The Udins worshipped to the Moon that was the Albans' main deity. Knowingly they colligate the Albanian/udin name of this star - Khash with a symbol and name of a cross: in Udin the term khashdesun has retained its meaning "to be christened" till now. Among other objects of worship there was the Sun, fire, sacred stones, trees, streams, spring. The cult of ancestors was also widespread. Many of the udin's ceremonies and calendars are connected with agriculture, for example, consecration of a vineyard. In the Udin's lexicon the names of some months occured in the remote past and connected with economic activities have been preserved up today: tuleh/tuen - grape, namots/kamots - crude, tsileh/shili - seed, bokavon - scorching, yexniya/yexna - reaping, habniya/hibna - the third.

Udin folklore is various: games and entertainments, lyrical and aggressive songs and dances, fairy tales and legends, proverbs and sayings, myths and legends - all of them are closely coherent with a way of life and labor activity. The part of them was saved up to now, the other part is known by records of the last century. Even after acceptance of Christianity the Udins, as well as other Albanian tribes, have not forgotten the former rituals, customs of tradition, ceremonies and combined them with new religion. For example, as usually, day and night unquenchable fire burned in the hearth of the house that evidences about survival of zoroastrizm. In prays the Udins-Christians quite often address to the Moon.



 

 

 
           
        © Musigi Dunyasi